Bash (short for “Bourne-Again SHell”) is a Unix shell, a command-line interface for interacting with the operating system. It is widely used in the Linux and Unix world and is an essential tool for system administrators, developers, and power users. Bash provides a powerful set of commands that allow you to manipulate files, process data, and automate tasks. In this article, we will cover the top 25 Bash commands and how to create custom commands.
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ls | Lists the contents of a directory |
| cd | Changes the current working directory |
| pwd | Prints the current working directory |
| mkdir | Creates a new directory |
| touch | Creates a new file or updates the timestamp of an existing file |
| cp | Copies a file or directory |
| mv | Moves or renames a file or directory |
| rm | Removes a file or directory |
| echo | Prints a message to the screen |
| cat | Concatenates and prints files |
| less | Displays the contents of a file one screen at a time |
| grep | Searches for a pattern in a file |
| find | Searches for files in a directory hierarchy |
| chmod | Changes the permissions of a file or directory |
| chown | Changes the owner of a file or directory |
| ps | Displays information about running processes |
| top | Displays real-time system information |
| df | Displays disk usage statistics |
| du | Displays the size of a file or directory |
| tar | Creates or extracts compressed archives |
| ssh | Connects to a remote server securely |
| scp | Copies files securely between remote servers |
| wget | Downloads files from the web |
| curl | Transfers data from or to a server</td |
| ping | Tests the connectivity to a server |
Creating Custom Commands
One of the great features of Bash is that you can create custom commands to automate repetitive tasks. You can create custom commands by defining functions in your Bash profile or by creating executable scripts.
Defining Functions in Your Bash Profile
The Bash profile is a file that is executed every time you start a new shell session. You can define functions in your Bash profile that can be used as custom commands.
To define a function, open your Bash profile file in a text editor:
nano ~/.bash_profile
Add a function to the file. For example, to create a function that lists all the files in the current directory and sorts them by size, add the following code:
function ls-size {
ls -l | sort -k 5 -n
}
Save the file and exit the text editor. Reload your Bash profile by running the following command:
source ~/.bash_profile
Now you can use the ls-size command to list the files in the current directory sorted by size:
ls-size
Creating Executable Scripts
Another way to create custom commands is by creating executable scripts. An executable script is a file that contains a sequence of Bash commands that can be executed as a single command.
To create an executable script, create a new file with a .sh extension. For example, to create a script that searches for a file with a given name and opens it in Vim, create a file named find-and-edit.sh:
touch find-and-edit.sh
Open the file in a text editor and add the following code:
#!/bin/bash
find . -name "$1" -exec vim {} \;
Save the file and make it executable by running the following command:
chmod +x find-and-edit.shNow you can run the script by typing its name followed by the filename you want to search for and edit:
./find-and-edit.sh myfile.txtFAQ
- Q: What is Bash?
Bash is a Unix shell and command language that allows users to interact with the operating system through a command-line interface. It’s one of the most widely used shells and is the default shell for many Linux distributions.
- Q: How do I create a custom command in Bash?
To create a custom command in Bash, you can create a Bash script that contains the commands you want to run. Save the script with a .sh extension and make it executable using the chmod command. Then, add the directory where the script is saved to the PATH environment variable so that it can be run from anywhere on the system.
- Q: What are some useful Bash commands for beginners?
Some useful Bash commands for beginners include ls, cd, pwd, mkdir, touch, cp, mv, rm, echo, cat, and less. These commands allow you to navigate the file system, create and manipulate files and directories, and display information on the screen.
- Q: What are some advanced Bash commands?
Some advanced Bash commands include grep, find, chmod, chown, ps, top, df, du, tar, ssh, scp, wget, curl, and ping. These commands allow you to search for files, manage permissions and ownership, monitor system resources, compress and extract files, and connect to remote servers.
- Q: How do I run a Bash script?
To run a Bash script, you can use the bash command followed by the name of the script file. For example, if your script is called myscript.sh, you would run it using the command “bash myscript.sh”. Alternatively, you can make the script executable and run it directly by typing the name of the script preceded by “./”. For example, if your script is called myscript.sh and is executable, you would run it using the command “./myscript.sh”.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Bash is a powerful command-line interface that allows users to interact with the operating system in a fast and efficient manner. By learning the top 25 Bash commands, you can increase your productivity and make working with the terminal a breeze. Additionally, creating custom commands in Bash can further streamline your workflow and make repetitive tasks a thing of the past. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can create your own custom commands and add them to your Bash environment. With practice and experimentation, you’ll soon become a Bash expert and be able to tackle any task thrown your way.
