Kotlin – Operators

Operators are special characters which perform operation on operands (values or variable).There are various kind of operators available in Kotlin.

• Arithmetic operator
• Relation operator
• Assignment operator
• Unary operator
• Bitwise operation
• Logical operator
• in Operator
• Index access Operator
• Range Operator

Arithmetic Operator

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations such as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/) etc.

Operator	Expression	Translate to
+	a+b	a.plus(b)
–	a-b	a.minus(b)
*	a*b	a.times(b)
/	a/b	a.div(b)
%	a%b	a.rem(b)

Example of Arithmetic Operator

fun main(args : Array<String>) {
var a=10;
var b=5;
println(a+b);
println(a-b);
println(a*b);
println(a/b);
println(a%b);
}

Output :

15
5
50
2
0

Relation Operator

Relation operator shows the relation and compares between operands. Following are the different relational operators:

Operator	Description	Exp.	Translate
>	greater than	a>b	a.compateTo(b)>0
<	Less than	a<b	a.compateTo(b)<0
>=	greater than or equal to	a>=b	a.compateTo(b)>=0
<=	less than or equal to	a<=b	a?.equals(b)?:(b===null)
==	is equal to	a==b	a?.equals(b)?:(b===null)
!=	not equal to	a!=b	!(a?.equals(b)?:(b===null))

Output :

fun main(args : Array<String>) {
    val a = 5
    val b = 10
    val max = if (a > b) {
        println("a is greater than b.")
        a
    } else{
        println("b is greater than a.")
        b
    }
    println("max = $max")
}

Output :

b is greater than a.
max = 10

Assignment operator

Assignment operator “=” is used to assign a value to another variable. The assignment of value takes from right to left.

Operator	Description	Exp.	Translate
+=	add and assign	a+=b	a.plusAssign(b)
-=	subtract and assign	a-=b	a.minusAssign(b)
*=	multiply and assign	a*=b	a.timesAssign(b)
/=	divide and assign	a/=b	a.divAssign(b)
%=	mod and assign	a%=b	a.remAssign(b)

Example of Assignment operator

fun main(args : Array<String>) {
    var a =20;var b=5
    a+=b
    println("a+=b :"+ a)
    a-=b
    println("a-=b :"+ a)
    a*=b
    println("a*=b :"+ a)
    a/=b
    println("a/=b :"+ a)
    a%=b
    println("a%=b :"+ a)

}

Output :

a+=b :25
a-=b :20
a*=b :100
a/=b :20
a%=b :0

Unary Operator

Unary operator is used with only single operand. Following are some unary operator given below.

Operator	Description	Exp.	Translate
+	unary plus	+a	a.unaryPlus()
–	unary minus	-a	a.unaryMinus()
++	increment by 1	++a	a.inc()
—	decrement by 1	–a	a.dec()
!	not	!a	a.not()

Example of Unary Operator

fun main(args: Array<String>){
    var a=10
    var b=5
    var flag = true
    println("+a :"+ +a)
    println("-b :"+ -b)
    println("++a :"+ ++a)
    println("--b :"+ --b)
    println("!flag :"+ !flag)
}

Output :

+a :10
-b :-5
++a :11
--b :4
!flag :false

Logical Operator

Logical operators are used to check conditions between operands. List of logical operators are given below.

Operator	Description	Exp.	Translate
&&	return true if all expression are true	(a>b) && (a>c)	(a>b) and(a>c)
| |	return true if any expression are true	(a>b) || (a>c)	(a>b) or(a>c)
!	return complement of expression	!a	a.not()

Example of Logical Operator

fun main(args: Array<String>){
    var a=10
    var b=5
    var c=15
    var flag = false
    var result: Boolean
    result = (a>b) && (a>c)
    println("(a>b) && (a>c) :"+ result)
    result = (a>b) || (a>c)
    println("(a>b) || (a>c) :"+ result)
    result = !flag
    println("!flag :"+ result)

}

Output :

(a>b) && (a>c) :false
(a>b) || (a>c) :true
!flag :true

Bitwise Operation

In Kotlin, there is not any special bitwise operator. Bitwise operation is done using named function.

Function	Expression	Description
shl (bits)	a.shl(b)	signed shift left
shr (bits)	a.shr(b)	signed shift right
ushr (bits)	a.ushr(b)	unsigned shift right
and (bits)	a.and(b)	bitwise and
or (bits)	a.or(b)	bitwise or
xor (bits)	a.xor(b)	bitwise xor
inv()	a.inv(b)	bitwise inverse

Example of Bitwise Operation

fun main(args: Array<String>){
    var a=10
    var b=2

    println("a.shl(b): "+a.shl(b))
    println("a.shr(b): "+a.shr(b))
    println("a.ushr(b:) "+a.ushr(b))
    println("a.and(b): "+a.and(b))
    println("a.or(b): "+a.or(b))
    println("a.xor(b): "+a.xor(b))
    println("a.inv(): "+a.inv())

}

Output :

a.shl(b): 40
a.shr(b): 2
a.ushr(b:) 2
a.and(b): 2
a.or(b): 10
a.xor(b): 8
a.inv(): -11

in Operator

The in operator is used to check whether an object belongs to a collection.

Operator	Expression	Translate to

in	a in b	b.contains(a)
!in	a !in b	!b.contains(a)

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val numbers = intArrayOf(1, 4, 42, -3)
    if (4 in numbers) {
        println("numbers array contains 4.")
    }
}

Output :

numbers array contains 4.

Index access Operator

Here are some expressions using index access operator with corresponding functions in Kotlin.

Operator	Translate to
a[i]	a.get(i)
a[i, n]	a.get(i, n)
a[i1, i2, …, in]	a.get(i1, i2, …, in)
a[i] = b	a.set(i, b)
a[i, n] = b	a.set(i, n, b)
a[i1, i2, …, in] = b	a.set(i1, i2, …, in, b)

Example :

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val a = intArrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4, - 1)
    println(a[1])
    a[1]= 12
    println(a[1])
}

Output :

2
12

Range Operator

Kotlin range is defined as an interval from start value to the end value. Range expressions are created with operator (. .) which is complemented by in and !in. The value which is equal or greater than start value and smaller or equal to end value comes inside the definedrange.

valaToZ = 'a'..'z'
valoneToNine = 1..9

Example of Kotlin range

fun main(args: Array<String>) {

    for (a in 1..5){
        print(a )
    }
    println()
    for(x in 'a'..'f'){
            print(x )
        }
    println()
    val range = 1.0..5.0
    println(range)
    println("3.14 in range is ${3.14 in range}")
}

Output:

12345
abcdef
1.0..5.0
3.14 in range is true

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